Leia o texto para responder à questão.
One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship
has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance
through the past century or so of language teaching gives us
an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way
to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come
and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and
waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and
shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm
of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a
century, with each new method breaking from the old but at
the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the
previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical
nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual
Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed
principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half
a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely
from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time,
however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules
of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar
Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)