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Communicating successfully in another language
means shifting frames of reference, shifting norms, shifting
assumptions of what can and cannot be said, what might
be considered ambiguous, what should be explicit and what
ought to remain tacit, and so on. In other words, using another
language effectively involves more than vocabulary and
structures; it involves thinking differently about language and
communication.
The question is, how can we begin to understand another
way of thinking, how can we be sensitized to different
cultural frames, when we are in a classroom in Nebraska,
Nairobi, or New South Wales? One answer, I will argue, is
by reading, writing, and discussing texts. By examining the
particular ways in which language is used to capture and
express experiences, we not only learn a great deal about the
conventions of the language, but can also begin to glimpse
the beliefs and values that underlie the discourse.
The basic message is a simple one: academic language
teaching must foster literacy, not only in terms of basic reading
and writing skills, but also in terms of a broader discourse
competence that involves the ability to interpret and critically
evaluate a wide variety of written and spoken texts. Preparing
students to communicate in multiple cultural contexts, both
at home and abroad, means sensitizing them to discourse
practices in other societies and to the ways those discourse
practices both reflect and create cultural norms. I here argue
that this kind of literacy is essential to real communicative
ability in a language, and is therefore an indispensable goal
in our efforts to prepare future generations for the challenges
associated with the increased internationalization of many
aspects of our society.
(Richard Kern, Literacy and language teaching. Adaptado)