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Ano: 2020Banca: INSTITUTO AOCPOrganização: Prefeitura de Betim - MGDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
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TEXT V
I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s
high time that brands embraced it too
by Nell Frizzell
New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease
It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.
In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.
As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting, bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.
here is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.
(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)
Observe the following excerpt taken from
the text: “But when they do, oh boy, are
my days as a model really going to get
going.” Mark the correct option
concerning the usage of words and
expressions in the sentence.
Ano: 2023Banca: CONSULPAMOrganização: Prefeitura de Araraquara - SPDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos
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Future of jobs
A survey conducted ______ 1 the World Economic Forum and published in May 2023 reveals that approximately 25% of jobs will ______ 2 significant changes in the next five years.
The report indicates that by 2027, 69 million jobs
will be created, while 83 million jobs will be
eliminated, resulting in a ______
3 employment
decrease of 2%. The survey incorporates input
from over 800 companies that employ more than
11 million workers and utilizes a dataset of 673
million jobs. The report highlights technology and
digitalization as the catalysts for both job ______
4
and destruction.
Secretarial and clerical roles such as bank tellers and cashiers are expected to decline rapidly due to automation, while there will be a growing demand for experts in AI, machine learning, and cybersecurity.
Source (adapted): https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/future-of-jobs-level3/
The blank numbered as “1” could be CORRECTLY
filled with:
Ano: 2024Banca: FEPESEOrganização: Prefeitura de Caçador - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos
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Predicting the unpredictable
Some years ago, a devastating earthquake struck the
Italian town of L’Aquila. More than 300 people lost
their lives, over 1,500 people were injured, and many
buildings were destroyed. Two years later, seven earthquake experts were involved in a court case: Did they
adequately warn the public after the initial tremors
began? At the heart of the debate is whether they
could have predicted a disaster like this.
Although a lot of scientists are working to improve
our ability to predict natural disasters, so far no
one has come up with a reliable method to forecast
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, days or weeks
beforehand. Most of the research focuses on the areas
most likely to experience seismic activity – but even
our knowledge about where these areas are, is very
limited. One reason for this is that human beings have
only been around for a very small part of the Earth’s
history. In geological terms, we all arrived on the
scene very recently. Records from the past 2,000 years
are incomplete, and the biggest earthquakes nearly
always happen in areas where there have been no
earthquakes in recorded history.
So, is there any hope for improving our ability to
predict disasters? A solution may come from an
unexpected source. Four years ago, a team of US
physicists at Rutgers University in New Jersey were
studying why pharmaceutical powders stick together.
They observed that the powder stuck together when
placed in a spinning cylinder, but then developed
cracks and collapsed. Just before the cracks developed,
an electric signal, like a small bolt of lightning, was
created. The scientists repeated the experiment with a
wide range of different materials, and they got similar
results every time.
This phenomenon might also exist in nature. Some
scientists believe that rocks may become electrically
charged under unusual pressure, such as before an
earthquake. This electric charge then causes changes
in the surrounding air or water, which animals may be
able to sense before humans do. For example, while
biologists were studying a colony of frogs in a pond
near L’Aquila, they noticed that nearly all the animals
left the water days before the earthquake. A similar
thing happened in China, when snakes were hibernating for the winter in caves, but escaped just before a
large earthquake. The same kind of electric charge,
like the small bolt of lightning felt in the experiment at
Rutgers, may have been responsible.
At the moment, there is no reliable way ............ using such findings to predict earthquakes, and
further studies may be necessary to give us a better
understanding of the interactions involved, but one
day, the technology may be used ............ predict
future catastrophes. For example, two science institutions in Russia and Britain are already developing a
new micro-satellite, which could detect these electric
signals and help rescue people ................ natural
disasters in time. Scientists are planning to launch the
first of these satellites ............... space. Will these
satellites be the solution? Only time will tell. For the
time being, the best defense is to be prepared.
Mark the alternative which contains the correct
meaning of the underlined words from the text.
Ano: 2018Banca: EDUCAOrganização: Prefeitura de Patos - PBDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
Choose the correct alternative, which indicates the
meaning of blow over in the following sentence:
They're hoping that this crisis will BLOW OVER and
be forgotten.
Ano: 2019Banca: AMEOSCOrganização: Prefeitura de São Miguel do Oeste - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos | Compreensão de Texto
Call your mother immediately when you can—she's very worried about you.
According to the context, the bold item can be replaced by:
Ano: 2021Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPEOrganização: SEDUC-ALDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
Texto associado
The history of language study illustrates widely divergent
attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech.
Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a
source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide
language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar
were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.
The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored
or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating
only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules,
and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak
properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid
down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written
style.
There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout
the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an
alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed
out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing;
that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be
artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative —
mostly based on sounds of speech.
D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The word “thus” (first paragraph) could be correctly replaced
with hitherto.
Texto associado
TEXT II
The backlash against big data
[…]
Big data refers to the idea that society can do things with a large body of data that weren’t possible when working with smaller amounts. The term was originally applied a decade ago to massive datasets from astrophysics, genomics and internet search engines, and to machine-learning systems (for voice-recognition and translation, for example) that work well only when given lots of data to chew on. Now it refers to the application of data-analysis and statistics in new areas, from retailing to human resources. The backlash began in mid-March, prompted by an article in Science by David Lazer and others at Harvard and Northeastern University. It showed that a big-data poster-child—Google Flu Trends, a 2009 project which identified flu outbreaks from search queries alone—had overestimated the number of cases for four years running, compared with reported data from the Centres for Disease Control (CDC). This led to a wider attack on the idea of big data.
The criticisms fall into three areas that are not intrinsic to big data per se, but endemic to data analysis, and have some merit. First, there are biases inherent to data that must not be ignored. That is undeniably the case. Second, some proponents of big data have claimed that theory (ie, generalisable models about how the world works) is obsolete. In fact, subject-area knowledge remains necessary even when dealing with large data sets. Third, the risk of spurious correlations—associations that are statistically robust but happen only by chance—increases with more data. Although there are new statistical techniques to identify and banish spurious correlations, such as running many tests against subsets of the data, this will always be a problem.
There is some merit to the naysayers' case, in other words. But these criticisms do not mean that big-data analysis has no merit whatsoever. Even the Harvard researchers who decried big data "hubris" admitted in Science that melding Google Flu Trends analysis with CDC’s data improved the overall forecast—showing that big data can in fact be a useful tool. And research published in PLOS Computational Biology on April 17th shows it is possible to estimate the prevalence of the flu based on visits to Wikipedia articles related to the illness. Behind the big data backlash is the classic hype cycle, in which a technology’s early proponents make overly grandiose claims, people sling arrows when those promises fall flat, but the technology eventually transforms the world, though not necessarily in ways the pundits expected. It happened with the web, and television, radio, motion pictures and the telegraph before it. Now it is simply big data’s turn to face the grumblers.
(From http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist explains/201 4/04/economist-explains-10)
The use of the phrase “the backlash” in the title of Text II
means the:
Ano: 2018Banca: AMAUCOrganização: Prefeitura de Seara - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos | Compreensão de Texto
The English language is peculiarly rich in synonyms, as, with such a history, it could not fail to be. The spirit of the Anglo-Saxon race, masterful in language as in war and commerce, has subjugated all these various elements to one idiom, making not a patchwork, but a composite language. Anglo-Saxon thrift, finding often several words that originally expressed the same idea, has detailed them to different parts of the common territory or to different service, so that we have an almost unexampled variety of words, kindred in meaning but distinct in usage, for expressing almost every shade of human thought.
According Cambridge Dictionary (2018), synonyms is a word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language: the words "small" and "little" are synonyms.
And antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word: two antonyms of "light" are "dark" and "heavy".
Read carefully what is exposed from I to V.
I- 1) The game was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions.
2) He decided to forsake politics for journalism. It is impossible to keep both careers at the same time.
II- In my opinion, Julia Roberts is very beautiful! My dad agrees with me, but my mom says that the eternal pretty woman is ugly.
III- The singer has shown exceptional talent over the past two years. Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. However, readers of magazines said they wanted more stories about ordinary people and fewer stories about the rich and famous like this singer.
IV- 1) I wanted a simple black dress, nothing fancy.
2) I like simple food better than fancy dishes.
V- It was an extremely vulgar joke.
Now, read the statements that are made about information I to V (above).
1st) In I, there are the verbs to abandon and to forsake. They are synonyms. To keep is the antonym of them.
2nd) In II, the words beautiful and pretty are synonyms. Ugly is their antonym.
3rd) In III, the word ordinary is the antonym of exceptional. There is not any synonym for exceptional in III.
4th) In IV, simple is the antonym of fancy. It could be replaced by plain, but just in I wanted a simple black dress, nothing fancy.
5th) In V, vulgar could be replaced by coarse or unsuitable.
The correct alternative about the five information above is:
Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
When is it time to stop studying?
It's 10 p.m. and six government employees are out checking the streets of Seoul, South Korea. But these are not police officers searching for teenagers who are behaving badly. Their mission is to find children who are still studying. And stop them.
Education in South Korea is very competitive. The aim of almost every schoolchild is to get into one of the country’s top universities. Only the students with the best grades get a place. The school day starts at 8 a.m. and the students finish studying somewhere between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m. at night. This is because many go to private academies called hagwon after school. Around 74 percent of all students attend a hagwon after their regular classes finish. A year’s course costs, on average, $2,600 per student. In Seoul, there are more private tutors than schoolteachers, and the most popular ones make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. Most parents rely on private tutoring to get their children into a university.
With so much time spent in the classroom, all that students in South Korean high schools do is study and sleep. Some of them are so exhausted that they cannot stay awake the next day at school. It is a common sight to see a teacher explaining the lesson while a third of the students are asleep on their desks. The teachers don’t seem to mind. There are even special pillows for sale that fit over the arms of the chairs to make sleeping in class more comfortable. Ironically, the students spend class time sleeping so that they can stay up late studying that night.
The South Korean government has been aware of the faults in the system for some time, but now they have passed some reforms. Today, schoolteachers have to meet certain standards or take additional training courses.
However, the biggest challenge for the government is the hagwons. Hagwons have been banned from having classes after 10 p.m., which is why there are street patrols searching for children who are studying after that time. If they find any in class, the owner of the hagwon is punished and the students are sent home. It's a strange world, where some children have to be told to stop studying while others are reluctant to start.
Adapted from: LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina & OXENDEN, Clive. American English File 3 - Workbook. 2"“ edition. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
Ano: 2025Banca: Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SCOrganização: Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
Select the option that presents the synonym for the word "leap":
..