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Ano: 2024Banca: FEPESEOrganização: Prefeitura de Caçador - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos
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Predicting the unpredictable
Some years ago, a devastating earthquake struck the
Italian town of L’Aquila. More than 300 people lost
their lives, over 1,500 people were injured, and many
buildings were destroyed. Two years later, seven earthquake experts were involved in a court case: Did they
adequately warn the public after the initial tremors
began? At the heart of the debate is whether they
could have predicted a disaster like this.
Although a lot of scientists are working to improve
our ability to predict natural disasters, so far no
one has come up with a reliable method to forecast
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, days or weeks
beforehand. Most of the research focuses on the areas
most likely to experience seismic activity – but even
our knowledge about where these areas are, is very
limited. One reason for this is that human beings have
only been around for a very small part of the Earth’s
history. In geological terms, we all arrived on the
scene very recently. Records from the past 2,000 years
are incomplete, and the biggest earthquakes nearly
always happen in areas where there have been no
earthquakes in recorded history.
So, is there any hope for improving our ability to
predict disasters? A solution may come from an
unexpected source. Four years ago, a team of US
physicists at Rutgers University in New Jersey were
studying why pharmaceutical powders stick together.
They observed that the powder stuck together when
placed in a spinning cylinder, but then developed
cracks and collapsed. Just before the cracks developed,
an electric signal, like a small bolt of lightning, was
created. The scientists repeated the experiment with a
wide range of different materials, and they got similar
results every time.
This phenomenon might also exist in nature. Some
scientists believe that rocks may become electrically
charged under unusual pressure, such as before an
earthquake. This electric charge then causes changes
in the surrounding air or water, which animals may be
able to sense before humans do. For example, while
biologists were studying a colony of frogs in a pond
near L’Aquila, they noticed that nearly all the animals
left the water days before the earthquake. A similar
thing happened in China, when snakes were hibernating for the winter in caves, but escaped just before a
large earthquake. The same kind of electric charge,
like the small bolt of lightning felt in the experiment at
Rutgers, may have been responsible.
At the moment, there is no reliable way ............ using such findings to predict earthquakes, and
further studies may be necessary to give us a better
understanding of the interactions involved, but one
day, the technology may be used ............ predict
future catastrophes. For example, two science institutions in Russia and Britain are already developing a
new micro-satellite, which could detect these electric
signals and help rescue people ................ natural
disasters in time. Scientists are planning to launch the
first of these satellites ............... space. Will these
satellites be the solution? Only time will tell. For the
time being, the best defense is to be prepared.
Mark the alternative which contains the correct
meaning of the underlined words from the text.
Ano: 2022Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPEOrganização: TelebrasDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
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Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of
punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was
represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete.
Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers,
dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was
developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first
practical application of which was the mercury delay line. The
first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube,
based on a standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored
in it was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and
thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of nonvolatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in
1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first
commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.
Information Technology. Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
The verb “removed” (third sentence) can be adequately replaced with taken out.
Ano: 2018Banca: IBADEOrganização: SEE-ACDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios e Conjunções | Sinônimos
Read the text below and answer the question:
To exercise or not to exercise ...
Are more young people overweight than in the past and do they exercise enough? We decided to ask four young people what they thought about this problem.
1- HEATHEROHURUOGU, aged 14 from Leeds, tells us what she thinks about keeping fit.
“I know there have been a lot of stories in newspapers about how fat young people are getting, but we're not all sitting at home at a computer eating crisps and chocolate. Some of us do actually realise that keeping fit is quite important. If anybody should be blamed, I think schools and parents are the problem. At my school we have fewer hours of PE lessons than we used to have. The school has decided we need to spend more time preparing for our exams. My mum and dad trust me to take a bus home if I stay late at school for hockey training, but my friend Carly can't come because her parents work and they are worried about her travelling alone.”
2- OLIVER MCKENNA, aged 15, Edinburgh, sees things differently.
“I don't like organised sport or spending my time with guys skateboarding. I love computers – programming them, playing games on them, surfing the Internet and in my free time that's what I do. It's true that I do need to lose some weight, though. Next week, Mum's taking me to a doctor so we can ask about going on a diet. Dad wants me to join the gym he goes to, but I think it's a bit boring working out all the time. In fact, there's a computer game now called Wii. I'm thinking of getting it because you actually do the actions of the games – you know, things like swinging your arm to hit the ball in tennis. That'd be a good way to get some exercise!”
3- REECEWILKINS, aged 13, Swansea, has another view.
“I'm an active person and so are most of my friends. We all like to spend some time on our Nintendos, PlayStations or whatever – all young people enjoy computer games – but we also belong to football teams or some kind of sports club. We don't have to make an effort to be fit – young people like active games. No, our problem is that we eat too much rubbish. In fact, we drink a lot of bad things – sweet, fizzy drinks which are full of sugar and very unhealthy. Also, we all love fast food and often eat hamburgers and chips. If we ate better, I think most of us would lose the extra weight we have.”
4- HANK DARROW, aged 14, London, shares his opinions with us.
“I've spent the last four years trying to lose weight, and it hasn't been easy. My problem started when I was a baby – it wasn't really my fault. You see, I wasn't very interested in food, and so my mum made all kinds of delicious things to get me to eat. Of course, all those tasty foods were very fattening. My mum used to carry a bowl of food everywhere we went and would follow me around the house or playground trying to get me to eat just one more bite. Well, I got used to eating constantly and, by the time we all realised that I had gained too much weight, the damage had been done. Now I follow a special diet – it was hard at first, but once I got used to it, I actually like it.And I look and feel so much better – I don't want to go back to the way I was.”
Taken from: CHAPMAN, Joanne. Laser B1 +. Teacher's book. Macmillan, 2008.
In the sentence: “Some of us do actually realise that keeping fit is quite important” (Heather's opinion), ACTUALLY means:
Ano: 2014Banca: FCCOrganização: SEFAZ-RJDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos | Advérbios de Lugar, Modo, Tempo e Frequência | Advérbios e Conjunções
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Why Is Spain Really Taking Lionel Messi to Tax Court?
By Jonathan Mahler Sep 27, 2013
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which strikes me as completely insane on pretty much every level.
You may remember the story from a few months back: The greatest soccer player in the world and his father were accused of setting up
a bunch of shell companies in Belize and Uruguay to avoid paying taxes on royalties and other licensing income.
Messi - who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from sponsors - reached a settlement with Spain’s tax authorities earlier
this summer, agreeing to pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest. The matter was settled, or so it seemed. Messi could go
back to dazzling the world with his athleticism and creativity.
Only it turns out that Spain wasn’t quite done with Messi. His adopted country - Messi is Argentine but became a Spanish citizen in 2005
- is now considering pressing criminal charges against him.
Cracking down on tax-evading footballers has become something of a trend in Europe, where players and clubs have been known to
launder money through “image-rights companies” often set up in tax havens. When you need money - and Europe needs money - go to
the people who have it, or something like that. Over the summer, dozens of Italian soccer clubs were raided as part of an investigation
into a tax-fraud conspiracy. A number of English Premier League clubs were forced last year to pay millions of pounds in back taxes.
No one likes a tax cheat, and there’s little doubt that widespread tax fraud has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and
elsewhere, depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed funds. But Europe is not going to find the answers to its
financial problems in the pockets of some professional soccer players and clubs.
Messi’s defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. “He is a footballer and that’s it,” Messi’s father Jorge said of his
soccer-prodigy son. “If there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He created the company. My mistake was to have trusted the
adviser.” Even if Messi is legally responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused of having participated in, it’s pretty hard to believe
that he knew much about it.
More to the point, Lionel Messi is probably Spain’s most valuable global asset. What could possibly motivate the Spanish government to
want to tarnish his reputation, especially after he’s paid off his alleged debt? After four years of Great-Depression level unemployment,
have anxiety and despair curdled into vindictiveness?
Here’s another explanation: Maybe this whole case has less to do with money than it does with history. Maybe it’s no coincidence that
the target of the Spanish government’s weird wrath happens to play for FC Barcelona, which is, after all, "mes que un club." It's a symbol
of Catalan nationalism - and a bitter, longtime rival of Spain’s establishment team, Real Madrid.
Too conspiratorial? Prove it, Spain. Release Cristiano Ronaldo’s tax return.
(Adapted form http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-27/why-is-spain-really-taking-lionel-messi-to-tax-court-.html)
By Jonathan Mahler Sep 27, 2013
So Spain has decided to haul Lionel Messi into court for tax evasion, which strikes me as completely insane on pretty much every level.
You may remember the story from a few months back: The greatest soccer player in the world and his father were accused of setting up
a bunch of shell companies in Belize and Uruguay to avoid paying taxes on royalties and other licensing income.
Messi - who makes an estimated $41 million a year, about half from sponsors - reached a settlement with Spain’s tax authorities earlier
this summer, agreeing to pay the amount he apparently owed, plus interest. The matter was settled, or so it seemed. Messi could go
back to dazzling the world with his athleticism and creativity.
Only it turns out that Spain wasn’t quite done with Messi. His adopted country - Messi is Argentine but became a Spanish citizen in 2005
- is now considering pressing criminal charges against him.
Cracking down on tax-evading footballers has become something of a trend in Europe, where players and clubs have been known to
launder money through “image-rights companies” often set up in tax havens. When you need money - and Europe needs money - go to
the people who have it, or something like that. Over the summer, dozens of Italian soccer clubs were raided as part of an investigation
into a tax-fraud conspiracy. A number of English Premier League clubs were forced last year to pay millions of pounds in back taxes.
No one likes a tax cheat, and there’s little doubt that widespread tax fraud has helped eat away at the social safety net in Spain and
elsewhere, depriving schools, hospitals and other institutions of badly needed funds. But Europe is not going to find the answers to its
financial problems in the pockets of some professional soccer players and clubs.
Messi’s defense, delivered by his father, seems credible enough to me. “He is a footballer and that’s it,” Messi’s father Jorge said of his
soccer-prodigy son. “If there was an error, it was by our financial adviser. He created the company. My mistake was to have trusted the
adviser.” Even if Messi is legally responsible for the intricate tax dodge he is accused of having participated in, it’s pretty hard to believe
that he knew much about it.
More to the point, Lionel Messi is probably Spain’s most valuable global asset. What could possibly motivate the Spanish government to
want to tarnish his reputation, especially after he’s paid off his alleged debt? After four years of Great-Depression level unemployment,
have anxiety and despair curdled into vindictiveness?
Here’s another explanation: Maybe this whole case has less to do with money than it does with history. Maybe it’s no coincidence that
the target of the Spanish government’s weird wrath happens to play for FC Barcelona, which is, after all, "mes que un club." It's a symbol
of Catalan nationalism - and a bitter, longtime rival of Spain’s establishment team, Real Madrid.
Too conspiratorial? Prove it, Spain. Release Cristiano Ronaldo’s tax return.
(Adapted form http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-27/why-is-spain-really-taking-lionel-messi-to-tax-court-.html)
A synonym for badly, as it is used in the text, is
Ano: 2022Banca: OBJETIVAOrganização: Prefeitura de São Marcos - RSDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos
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What is the cycle tourism?
Cycle tourism, cycle travelling, bike tourism… Many names for the same big passion. The cycle tourism is a form of tourism by bicycle that seems to gain ________ more attention even ________ people who are not passionate cyclists.
Who decide to travel by bike are not interested in getting fit, in how long takes to get to a place and in the athletic training: on the contrary the cycle tourism is a way of travelling that allow people to get to know places and people with a more human pace, not just to visit places but above all to live your destinations.
You can travel by bicycle for a few days or also for a few weeks, to go for a day tour or for a weekend in an art city for instance. The advantages of cycle tourism are many; the very reasonable travelling costs, more freedom in planning your trip even when travelling, more authentic way of travelling and exploring and the chance to do something for the environment.
Like many other forms of eco-sustainable tourism, the cycle tourism is convenient, it is good for your spirit and the planet!
(Fonte: Bikenbike - adaptado.)
The synonym of “allow” is:
Ano: 2018Banca: CONSULPLANOrganização: SEDUC-PADisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
Read the text to answer the following question.
Cultural diversity and cultural identity in globalization
In the process of globalization winners are the countries with highly developed mass media as complex systems which are able to broadcast and receive diverse information which are used as basic development resource. On the other side are the developing countries which suffer their impact. Their characteristic is the small capacity to adapt to innovations that came from outside and that is why their cultural identity is called into question. Mass media are not only instruments for spreading popular culture and industries, but at the same time, their use enables cultural hegemony. Mass media, society, local culture, and media content are closely related. By exhibiting TV shows, movies, dramas etc. media will reflect values specific to local culture. So, we can talk about displaying commerciality as feature of American culture, Japanese aesthetic values, French tendency to philosophize... One of the main functions of mass media is to transfer cultural inheritance, information about the past, values of a given society, and to furnish cultural directive for life, action, and behavior. Despite the globalization of the economy, and the emergence of international political institutions, global dissemination of culture (mass media, education, modernization, urbanization, the spread of literacy) from the late 20th century has strengthened national identities. Modern nationalism is less focused on defending the country and more inclined to defend the established cultural identity. The identities represent the defense against unpredictability, disorder, and changes of globalization. In the last three decades there is strong trend to resisting globalization and cosmopolitanism as a form of defense of cultural identity. “God, nations, families and communities will ensure eternal figures that cannot be broken down and around which society will develop a counter-culture of real virtuality”. Castells considers that individuals carry with them the eternal truth, the values that cannot be virtualized or destroyed. As the globalization process strengthens the coming of cultural integrity and identity problems are more prevalent. Dominant monoculture stands against local, national and traditional cultures with the progressive disintegration of traditional culture value patterns.
(Available: www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2013. Adapted.)
“Enables” (line 5) means
Ano: 2020Banca: INSTITUTO AOCPOrganização: Prefeitura de Betim - MGDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
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TEXT V
I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s
high time that brands embraced it too
by Nell Frizzell
New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease
It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.
In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.
As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting, bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.
here is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.
(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)
Read the following options which present
words taken from the text and mark the
only CORRECT one concerning word
formation processes.
Ano: 2019Banca: FEPESEOrganização: Prefeitura de Xaxim - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Sinônimos | Compreensão de Texto | Verbos | Infinitivo e Gerúndio
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Global warming
The world’s oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, denselypopulated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published ....................... the British journal Nature,adds ....................... a growing scientific chorus of warnings ....................... the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year ....................... the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre
for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the
first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using
new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a
depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003,
it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53
millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the
0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
Identify the alternatives below as ( T )rue or ( F )alse.
( ) The following underlined words: “…important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises …” , are examples of gerund forms.
( ) The word “rising”, in the following sentence: “Rising sea levels are driven by two things…..” means ‘decreasing’.
( ) The word ‘Higher’ is being used in the text to compare ocean’s temperature.
( ) The singular form of ‘data’ is ‘datum’.
The alternative which presents the correct sequence
from top to bottom is:
Ano: 2024Banca: Instituto FênixOrganização: Prefeitura de Rancho Queimado - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
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TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO
Foods with Good Bacteria
MOTHER EARTH NEWS – Like many of us, I didn’t think much about my gut health when I was younger. But being more responsible for my own foods when I moved out of the house changed what I bought. For some items, it’s a matter of swapping out a product that’s high in processed sugar and other additives for a healthier option. For others, I’ve rethought my food choices altogether, which includes considering guthealthy options to buy at my local store or make myself. If you’re beginning to explore fermented foods, you’re in the right spot. Here are a few foods with good bacteria and some fermented foods recipes you can try.
Source: https://www.postjournal.com/wire/?category=5307&ID=317975
The word includes in the phrase “which includes considering gut-healthy options…” could be replaced by:
Ano: 2019Banca: FEPESEOrganização: Prefeitura de Xaxim - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Sinônimos
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Global warming
The world’s oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, denselypopulated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published ....................... the British journal Nature,adds ....................... a growing scientific chorus of warnings ....................... the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year ....................... the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre
for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the
first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using
new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a
depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003,
it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53
millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the
0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
The word ‘warning’ in: ‘…chorus of warnings
about the pace and consequences rising oceans.’ has
its correct definition in which alternative?
..