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Ano: 2020Banca: FACET ConcursosOrganização: Prefeitura de Capim - PBDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Verbos | Caso Genitivo
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“The current approach is bust,” said Prof Des
Thompson, principal science adviser at NatureScot,
Scotland’s conservation agency, which contributed
to the declaration process run by the Scottish
government. “What we need to do is work with
local communities, local governments and local
communities – that’s how we’re going to meet
those targets.” (lines 9 – 12)
Analyze the items below and choose the
appropriate alternative:
i. Scotland’s conservation agency
ii. that’s how
iii. we’re
Ano: 2023Banca: Instituto AccessOrganização: Prefeitura de Passos - MGDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Caso Genitivo
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11.30.2023
City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the
nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence
(AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.
The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern
city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed
that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising
questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.
Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot
ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging
taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen.
He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making
a single change or even letting them know about its
unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it
unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.
The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has
sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially
revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a
promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the
unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks
currently performed by humans.
Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest
city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton
Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write
the proposal when the councilman bragged about the
achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media
he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”
The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT
work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and
are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon
sometimes called hallucination.
All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when
summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for
the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of
Google’s models, according to recently published research by the
tech company Vectara.
In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s
Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman,
wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have
the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer
when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This
could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal
analysis is required”.
There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto
Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council
members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.
Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He
said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned
the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.
And the council president, who initially decried the method,
already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,”
Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that,
unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”
(
According to text, Andrew Perlman wrote that ChatGPT “is a
machine learning system, it may not have the same level of
understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to
interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to
problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is
required”, it is possible to say that
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TEXT I
‘500 Years of Brazil’s Discovery’
By GAIL FINEBERG
Our territory was already inhabited before 1500 A.D., by a
large population, estimated in the 1500s at 3 million Indians,
with their own communal organization and traditions.
The encounter occurred on April 22, 1500, when Pedro
Álvares Cabral, commander of a Portuguese armada, sighted
the South American mainland and staked a claim for Portugal.
The encounter occurred on April 22, 1500, when Pedro
Álvares Cabral, commander of a Portuguese armada, sighted
the South American mainland and staked a claim for Portugal.
The Portuguese found Brazil attractive, as did the French,
Dutch and Spanish. The first agreement between Spain and
Portugal on frontiers was not reached until 1750.
The Jesuits were enterprising, and their missionary efforts
spread throughout the country between 1625 and 1759.
The religious influence was responsible for an extraordinarily
beautiful Brazilian baroque architecture.
Thoughts of independence began to take root in the late
18th century. Revolutionary events in Europe had a profound
effect on Brazil. Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal prompted the
Portuguese prince regent, Dom João, to move the Portuguese
court to Brazil in 1808.
Brazil matured quickly as the seat of the Portuguese empire.
The prince opened Brazilian ports to trade with friendly
nations, including Great Britain, and also government offices
in Rio de Janeiro, a supreme court, a bank, the royal treasury,
mint, printing office, a national library with holdings from the
Portuguese National Library and other academic institutions.
With the death of Portugal’s queen, Maria I, in 1816, the
regent became King João VI. He returned to Portugal in 1821
to contain a revolution there and appointed his son, Dom
Pedro, as regent in Brazil. Dom Pedro refused orders a few
months later to return to Lisbon, established a legislative
assembly in São Paulo and proclaimed Brazil’s independence
from Portugal on Sept. 7, 1822.
Dom Pedro I was crowned emperor in 1822, but after a
troubled reign marked by conflict with the assembly, he
abdicated in favor of 5-year- old Dom Pedro de Alcântara in
1831. For the next nine years, Brazil seethed with civil unrest
until both houses of parliament declared the young regent
had reached majority in 1840. The Brazilian Empire lasted to
1889.
Dom Pedro II proved to be an enlightened leader. Brazil
grew and prospered under his reign, and the country enjoyed
a great deal of stability. (The country’s population grew from 4
million to 14 million; railroads built 5,000 miles of track; and
public revenues and products multiplied.) However, support
for a republic grew, and the empire finally collapsed in 1889,
when the royal family went to exile in Europe.
The country’s 19th century economy relied on slave-based
agriculture. Slave trade with Africa did not cease until 1853.
At the dawn of the 21st century, Brazil, with an economy
that is the eighth largest in the world, is a contributor of music, painting, literature and other arts to the world’s culture.
https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0006/brazil.html
In the last paragraph of the text above, the expression “At
the dawn” means:
Ano: 2022Banca: FEPESEOrganização: Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Compreensão de Texto | Verbos | Caso Genitivo | Verbos Frasais
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The Amazon Forest
The Amazon is often called the lungs of the earth and produces 20% of the world’s oxygen. For this reason, many people are trying to stop deforestation in the rainforest. Brazil, for example, is working hard to help the rainforest survive.
A few years ago, the Brazilian government put forward a plan called ARPA (Amazon Region Protected Areas). It had the support of many international agencies, including the World Bank, and the German Development Bank, KfW. The main aim was to build new areas of protected rainforest, maintain areas of the rainforest that hadn’t yet been destroyed, and stop deforestation. Deforestation contributes greatly to global warming because carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere when trees get cut down and burned.
One of the first areas to be recognized as part of ARPA was the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park. It is 38,800 km2 and is the same size as Switzerland, a small country in Central Europe. It’s the world’s largest protected tropical national park, and the second largest national park. It is home to certain species of jaguar, eagle, and lizard, which can only survive in the rainforest. Many of these species are under threat from climate change and deforestation.
In order to work in the park, conservationists need
a reliable map. However, no map existed, and they
didn’t have enough knowledge to make one on their
own. They came up with the idea of involving local
tribes to help them, combining modern and ancient
methods to produce a map. The tribes learned to use
global positioning system handsets (GPS), in conjunction with their local knowledge of the area, which
included fishing and hunting grounds, and places of
historical or mythical importance. Aerial photos were
a 20useful aid in the process as well. This method of
map-making is now the key to the future of rainforests,
in Brazil and the rest of the world too.
Analyze the sentences according to structure and
grammar use.
1. The (‘s) in “The Amazon is often called the lungs
of the earth and produces 20% of the world’s oxygen.”, is the contraction for the verb to be (is).
2. In “In order to work in the park, conservationists
need a reliable map. However, no map existed,
and they didn’t have enough knowledge to
make one on their own.”, the underlined pronouns refer to ‘conservationists’
3. The phrasal verb ‘cut down’, in the second
paragraph, means to reduce the amount.
4. The negative form of “They came up with the
idea of involving local tribes to help them, combining modern and ancient methods to produce
a map.” is They didn’t come up with the idea of
involving local tribes to help them, combining
modern and ancient methods to not produce a
map.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct
sentences.
Ano: 2025Banca: CETREDEOrganização: Prefeitura de São Benedito - CEDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Caso Genitivo
The sentence that correctly indicates an example of a
genitive case is:
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Text: The importance of the PowerPoint
as a classroom resource
(Text adapted from Teachers: 5 Tips for Creating Great
PowerPoint Presentations, retrieved
PowerPoint is a resource developed by Microsoft
and released initially in 1990. It is mainly used in
professional meeting presentations all over the
world.
One of these professions is in educational area:
teacher.
PowerPoint presentation is spread among
teachers because it is different from lecturing or
teaching with a textbook; it is also a way of sharing
content with students.
To produce a PowerPoint correctly, teachers need
to know how to put the slides together, it can be an
effective way of reinforcing content to students so
that they are better able to retain it. Otherwise,
teachers can print and distribute the PowerPoint
presentation or post it online, so students can go
back and access it as reference material. However,
if it is not put together correctly, a PowerPoint
presentation can disengage and make students
bored.
To develop PowerPoint presentation is simple and
it can also provide a fun time noticed by its
characteristics: basic, simple, and not distracting, it
can be focused on keywords; for instance, always
be sure to include a summary slide of what the
presentation is intending to accomplish as well as a
table of contents on the different topics that will be
covered in the program. The summary slide serves
as the main topic and what students should learn
after viewing the presentation. Then, at the end of
the PowerPoint presentation, teachers should
include another summary slide, going over
everything that was just covered and, again,
highlighting the main point.
Bottom line
PowerPoint presentations need to have a purpose
and the teacher must make sure that the purpose is
understood.
Add pictures
Teachers can reinforce the content with pictures,
charts, symbols, and other images. In fact,
sometimes it’s better to have more pictures than text
in a PowerPoint presentation, because images work
to reinforce a content main point.
Teachers typically will just share it with their
classes, so they can pull images straight from the
Internet. However, for teachers who are making
more public and widespread presentations,
copyright law needs to be considered (Brazil
Information Access Law nº 12.527; Art. 31;
paragraph 3; item II).
Add video
Pictures can help to reinforce a main point or
support content, as well as videos. Some research
affirm that students enjoy watching videos and
retain information from them well, especially if the
video is engaging, interesting and informative.
Teachers can embed videos right from YouTube or
from their desktops to complement a PowerPoint
presentation.
Practice
Nothing turns off a class like a poorly put together
PowerPoint presentation, so teachers should
always be sure to do a quick rehearsal before they
present it to the class. While testing it, make sure all
the images load up on the slides, videos load up
properly and audio works, too. Also, it’s important
for teachers to make sure that there’s a way to
connect their computer, or upload anything that’s
storing the PowerPoint presentation, to a larger TV
monitor or projector screen so the whole class does
not have to huddle around a computer screen to
view it. Teachers should also make sure that any
text can be read and understood. Be sure that the
color scheme is good.
Make it fun
A PowerPoint presentation can be an innovative
way of teaching. It’s a more interesting and
engaging way for students to learn than the typical
lecture. Teachers should embrace this teaching
resource and have fun with it. Throw in some jokes,
possibly some funny pictures and be sure to get
creative with presentations.
As we previously noted, the more students enjoy
a lecture, presentation, or activity, the more likely
they are to retain information.
One of the alternatives has the genitive case in
its structure. Mark it.
Ano: 2021Banca: Alternative ConcursosOrganização: Prefeitura de Esperança do Sul - RSDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Caso Genitivo
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[…] The teen years are ripe for producing conflict in
the family. The relationship between parents and
their children may include these typical areas of
conflict:
• School performance;
• The teen's choice of friends;
• Spending time with the family versus with
peers;
• Disputes over the teen´s curfew;
• Cars and driving privileges;
• Dating and sexuality;
• Clothing, hair styles and makeup;
• Self destructive behaviors such as smoking,
drinking and using drugs.[…]
Adapted from: MARQUES, Amadeu. On
stage 3.São Paulo: Ática, 2010.
“The teen's choice of friends”. In this topic, there
is an example of Genitive Case. Match the correct
alternative to complete this sentence: Bia and Bella
are sisters. Do you know ____________?
Ano: 2024Banca: Avança SPOrganização: Prefeitura de Paraty - RJDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Pronome Relativo | Caso Genitivo | Pronomes | Pronome Objetivo
Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks with “who,” “whom,” or “whose.”
1 - The man car ____was parked outside the office came in to ask about the meeting.
2 - The teacher ___you spoke to is on vacation.
3 - I have a colleague____ knows a lot about modern art.
4 - The musician_____ song won the award is very talented.
5 - The participants_____ answers were correct received certificates.
Ano: 2023Banca: CETREDEOrganização: Prefeitura de Guaiúba - CEDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Caso Genitivo
Read the sentence below. The underlined part in the
sentence is a specific grammar structure in the English
language. Which one?
“We went to Jake’s father’s funeral.”
Choose the CORRECT answer.
Ano: 2023Banca: UECE-CEVOrganização: Prefeitura de Sobral - CEDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Caso Genitivo
“Every man's life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.” (Ernest Hemingway)
“I try to be as historically accurate as possible, but I think the story's more important than the history.” (Louis Bayard)
In the passages above the use of ‘s expresses, respectively, the