“In a helpful survey article, Weinstein and Mayer (1986) defined Learning Strategies (LS)
broadly as ‘behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning’ which are
‘intended to influence the learner's encoding process.’ Later, Mayer (1988) more specifically defined LS as ‘behaviors of a learner that are intended to influence how the learner processes
information.’ These early definitions from the educational literature reflect the roots of LS in
cognitive science, with its essential assumptions that human beings process information and
that learning involves such information processing. Clearly, LS are involved in all learning,
regardless of the content and context. LS are thus used in learning and teaching math, science,
history, languages and other subjects, both in classroom settings and more informal learning
environments”.