Text V
Urbanization is one of the defining trends of this century
and a key driver of development. By 2050, around 70% of the
world’s population will be living in cities and towns. Asia and
Africa will collectively account for a significant majority of the
urban growth rate, a development that reflects the growth of
both ‘megacities’ and smaller urban settlements in both regions
over the past three decades. Today, cities produce around 80%
of the global GDP and this importance is likely to continue.
Cities also use 75% of global energy and are responsible for
70% of global carbon emissions. Accompanying the pace and
extent of urbanization are a number of positive and negative
trends — from increased economic opportunities and
improvements in lives and livelihoods, through to the potential
for greater urban-rural disparity, lower quality of life, and
conflict. One thing is clear, cities across the world play a
critical role in driving sustainable development.
However, cities today face numerous vulnerabilities and
threats. Without proper planning, policies, and support,
urbanization often leads to unnecessary risks and costs,
preventing cities from reaching their full potential. Cases such as
urban sprawls and the proliferation of informal settlements are
increasing, and the communities who reside in such areas often
suffer from the poor provision of public services (or lack of) such
as healthcare or waste management systems. As their population
grows, cities also become more complex, making long-term
planning and city management a challenge. Amongst the
numerous challenges that policymakers must tackle include those
that are environmental, those pertaining to resource allocation,
and even social challenges such as reducing intra-city
inequalities.
Cities are providing a wide range of opportunities and
possibilities for its citizens and, in order for them to be fully
harnessed, cities should be built for and together with its citizens
to fully unlock their potential. This includes taking into account
the various needs and aspirations of people, making sure that
everyone can have equal and inclusive access to services and
create urban spaces and environments to enhance livability.
Internet: <www.undp.org (adapted)