Regarding the pathophysiology of kidney disease,
evaluate the propositions:
I.Diabetic nephropathy often causes hypokalemia in the
early stages of kidney failure due to renal tubular
alkalosis. For treatment, the use of thiazide diuretics is
indicated, which reduce potassium excretion and
increase the salt load in the collecting duct.
II.Diseases such as hypothyroidism and systemic lupus
erythematosus promote excessive release of salt and
water by the kidneys, primarily due to a disturbance in the
regulation of renal microcirculation and tubular function,
mediated by the release of prostaglandins, cytokines,
and other inflammatory factors.
III.Loop diuretics can worsen the formation of urinary
casts in multiple myeloma and light-chain nephropathy by
increasing chloride concentration, which enhances the
secretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein, facilitating its
aggregation with Bence Jones proteins.
Select the correct alternative: