What is the role of communicative competence
in language teaching, and how can it be
developed?
According to Canale and Swain (1980),
communicative competence includes not only
the ability to produce and understand
grammatically correct sentences, but also the
ability to use language effectively in different
social and cultural contexts. Teachers can foster
communicative competence by providing
opportunities for learners to practice using
language in meaningful communication tasks.