Text 2
Read the passage and answer the question.
Numerous studies show that ____________________ as compared to working independently,
results in deeper information processing and more meaningful psychological connections among the
participants (Johnson, Johnson, and Smith 1998; Smith 1995). The goal of collaboration is to create new
insights during discussions (Henry 1992; Kaye 1992) and to move students to an understanding of
alternative perspectives (Cunningham 1992).
The following general suggestions can help establish consistency in group work:
- •During a pre-collaboration period, make sure that students are motivated to
participate.
- •Establish clear ground rules: everybody must participate, and all the ideas should be
accommodate.
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- •Be available as a resource for students, but do not offer any judgments on the work
progress and assure them that the tensions are natural.
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- •Do not get discouraged when a collaborative task results in some emotional responses
from students – keep creating opportunities for learning to work collaboratively.
(ROELL, Christiane. English Teaching Forum. United States Department for Teachers of English. Vol. 48/2, p. 17-18. 2010. Adaptado.)
The method that correctly completes text 2 is