On writing the message the writer implies he or she is

New critical literacy assessment is discussed by Duboc (2016). The only statement that does not reflect this view of assessment is:

In “to arm language users”, the word “arm” is a(n)

“Communication” is to “communicate” as

The underlined word in “learning English via the medium music” can be replaced by

When it is stated that “tradition [is] steeped in values of societies” (4th paragraph) it is implied that these values have been

The word “shift” in “shift in the pedagogical approaches” (2nd paragraph) implies a(n):