The semantic distinction between (1) and (2) arises from aspectual complementation (gerund vs. infinitive).

According to the text, the mentioned crisis was not visible in any predictable scenery due to many positive industry reflections throughout the years.

The text conceptualizes assessment as emancipatory and dialogic, resisting purely technocratic measurement.

The CIL guidelines prioritize rote memorization of grammar and vocabulary over communicative competence and critical thinking.

According to the text, Cryptography, in its core, can be defined as a

In the phrase “This evolution resulted in benefits,” (lines 3 and 4) the noun “evolution” serves as the subject of the sentence.

Although traditional materials and manual techniques were once the standard in dentistry, the evolution of digital workflow has now enabled faster and...

According to the text, researchers have been trying to understand why narcissists have been so toxic to modern society.

“Widely” (line 14) and “rapidly” (line 17) are examples of adverbs of manner and their corresponding adjectives are wide and rapid.

No building in the whole world reaches more than 828 meters.

According to the text, it is correct to state that