Questões

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

“Em uma área com 100 mil habitantes estavam em tratamento, no ano de 2013, cerca de 500 portadores de tuberculose. Ao longo de 2014 outros 30 casos foram notificados, além de 5 óbitos e 5 curas.” 

Nossos velhos

Pais heróis e mães rainhas do lar.

Passamos boa parte da nossa existência cultivando estes estereótipos. Até que um dia o pai herói começa a passar o tempo todo sentado, resmunga baixinho e puxa uns assuntos sem pé nem cabeça. A rainha do lar começa a ter dificuldade de concluir as frases e dá pra implicar com a empregada. O que papai e mamãe fizeram para caducar de uma hora para ou…tra? Fizeram 80 anos. Nossos pais envelhecem. Ninguém havia nos preparado pra isso. Um belo dia eles perdem o garbo, ficam mais vulneráveis e adquirem umas manias bobas.

Estão cansados de cuidar dos outros e de servir de exemplo: agora chegou a vez de eles serem cuidados e mimados por nós, nem que pra isso recorram a uma chantagenzinha emocional. Têm muita quilometragem rodada e sabem tudo, e o que não sabem eles inventam. Não fazem mais planos a longo prazo, agora dedicam-se a pequenas aventuras, como comer escondido tudo o que o médico proibiu. Estão com manchas na pele. Ficam tristes de repente. Mas não estão caducos: caducos ficam os filhos, que relutam em aceitar o ciclo da vida. É complicado aceitar que nossos heróis e rainhas já não estão no controle da situação.

Estão frágeis e um pouco esquecidos, têm este direito, mas seguimos exigindo deles a energia de uma usina. Não admitimos suas fraquezas, seu desânimo. Ficamos irritados se eles se atrapalham com o celular e ainda temos a cara-de-pau de corrigi-los quando usam expressões em desuso: calça de brim? frege? auto de praça? Em vez de aceitarmos com serenidade o fato de que as pessoas adotam um ritmo mais lento com o passar dos anos, simplesmente ficamos irritados por eles terem traído nossa confiança, a confiança de que seriam indestrutíveis como os super-heróis. Provocamos discussões inúteis e os enervamos com nossa insistência para que tudo siga como sempre foi. Essa nossa intolerância só pode ser medo. Medo de perdê-los, e medo de perdermos a nós mesmos, medo de também deixarmos de ser lúcidos e joviais. É uma enrascada essa tal de passagem do tempo.

Nos ensinam a tirar proveito de cada etapa da vida, mas é difícil aceitar as etapas dos outros, ainda mais quando os outros são papai e mamãe, nossos alicerces, aqueles para quem sempre podíamos voltar, e que agora estão dando sinais de que um dia irão partir sem nós.

(Martha Medeiros. Disponível em: http://www.viva50.com.br/nossos-velhos-cronica-de-martha-medeiros/. Acesso em: 24/06/2016. Adaptado.)

Read the text to answer 33, 34 and 35.

As epoch-making as Gutenberg’s printing press, 3-D printing is changing the future.

By Roff Smith

Rocket engine parts, chocolate figurines, functional replica pistols, a Dutch canal house, designer sunglasses, a zippy two-seater car, a rowboat, a prototype bionic ear, pizzas — hardly a week goes by without a startling tour de force in the rapidly evolving technology of three-dimensional printing. What sounds like something out of Star Trek — the starship’s replicator could synthesize anything — is increasingly becoming a reality. Indeed, NASA is testing a 3-D printer on the International Space Station to see if it might provide a way to fabricate meals, tools, and replacement parts on long missions. Back on Earth, long-term business plans are being reimagined. Airbus envisions that by 2050 entire planes could be built of 3-D printed parts. GE is already using printers to make fuel-nozzle tips for jet engines. And interest isn’t limited just to corporate giants.

The high cost of tooling up a factory has long been a barrier to developing niche products. But now anyone with an idea and money could go into small-scale manufacturing, using computer-aided design software to create a threedimensional drawing of an object and letting a commercial 3-D printing firm do the rest. Since a product’s specifications can be “retooled” at a keyboard, the technology is perfect for limited production runs, prototypes, or one-time creations — like the one-third-scale model of a 1964 Aston Martin DB5 that producers of the James Bond film Skyfall had printed, then blew up in a climactic scene. And because a 3-D printer builds an object a bit at a time, placing material only where it needs to be, it can make geometrically complex objects that can’t be made by injecting material into molds — often at a considerable savings in weight with no loss in strength. It can also produce intricately shaped objects in a single piece, such as GE’s titanium fuel-nozzle tips, which otherwise would be made of at least 20 pieces. “People read about the fabulous things that are being made with 3-D printing technology, and they are led to believe that they will be able to make these things themselves at home and that what they turn out will be of a really high standard of workmanship, it won’t be.” Dr. Rowly, a tech expert says. While consumer printers may one day allow us to make whatever we like, Rowley envisions a different grassroots revolution, one where people can test ideas that once would never have made it off the back of an envelope.

(Available: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/3d-printer.)

Read the text to answer 33, 34 and 35.

As epoch-making as Gutenberg’s printing press, 3-D printing is changing the future.

By Roff Smith

Rocket engine parts, chocolate figurines, functional replica pistols, a Dutch canal house, designer sunglasses, a zippy two-seater car, a rowboat, a prototype bionic ear, pizzas — hardly a week goes by without a startling tour de force in the rapidly evolving technology of three-dimensional printing. What sounds like something out of Star Trek — the starship’s replicator could synthesize anything — is increasingly becoming a reality. Indeed, NASA is testing a 3-D printer on the International Space Station to see if it might provide a way to fabricate meals, tools, and replacement parts on long missions. Back on Earth, long-term business plans are being reimagined. Airbus envisions that by 2050 entire planes could be built of 3-D printed parts. GE is already using printers to make fuel-nozzle tips for jet engines. And interest isn’t limited just to corporate giants.

The high cost of tooling up a factory has long been a barrier to developing niche products. But now anyone with an idea and money could go into small-scale manufacturing, using computer-aided design software to create a threedimensional drawing of an object and letting a commercial 3-D printing firm do the rest. Since a product’s specifications can be “retooled” at a keyboard, the technology is perfect for limited production runs, prototypes, or one-time creations — like the one-third-scale model of a 1964 Aston Martin DB5 that producers of the James Bond film Skyfall had printed, then blew up in a climactic scene. And because a 3-D printer builds an object a bit at a time, placing material only where it needs to be, it can make geometrically complex objects that can’t be made by injecting material into molds — often at a considerable savings in weight with no loss in strength. It can also produce intricately shaped objects in a single piece, such as GE’s titanium fuel-nozzle tips, which otherwise would be made of at least 20 pieces. “People read about the fabulous things that are being made with 3-D printing technology, and they are led to believe that they will be able to make these things themselves at home and that what they turn out will be of a really high standard of workmanship, it won’t be.” Dr. Rowly, a tech expert says. While consumer printers may one day allow us to make whatever we like, Rowley envisions a different grassroots revolution, one where people can test ideas that once would never have made it off the back of an envelope.

(Available: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/3d-printer.)