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Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
The following suggestion can be considered an adequate translation of the first sentence of the second paragraph: Cada vez mais, análises históricas também ressaltam o conhecimento que foi, de maneiras diferentes, usurpado, negligenciado, abandonado ou eliminado na busca da ciência agrária “moderna”.
Ano: 2019Banca: GUALIMPOrganização: Prefeitura de Porciúncula - RJDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Vocabulário | Compreensão de Texto | Tradução
Cocaine and alcohol a 'deadly combination'
“At least 13 "self-inflicted" deaths happened in a year in England among people who took the two
substances, the Victoria Derbyshire programme found. _______, including two contestants on Love
Island, took their own lives between April 2018 and March 2019. Coroners have reported seeing a rise in
such cases”.
(Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-49814269.)
In the text, the phrase “Coroners have reported seeing a rise in such cases” can be translated to
Portuguese as:
Read and mark the correct translation for this text.
Conheça o nosso atendimento e saiba quando é a melhor hora para viajar: Gestantes e lactantes têm direito a atendimento preferencial. Por isso, se você estiver nestas condições, solicite o serviço especial no balcão da GOL no aeroporto.
Disponível em: <https://www.voegol.com.br>. Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.
Ano: 2016Banca: VUNESPOrganização: Prefeitura de Rio Claro - SPDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Compreensão de Texto | Tradução
Para responder a questão, leia o artigo de jornal a seguir.
Trial with migrants
The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban is against migration there. He says that the EU risks losing another country if the migration is not stopped. Nine men were sentenced to nearly a year in jail; however, they were released at the judge’s discretion due to time already served. One of the group was kept behind bars after receiving a three-year sentence for issuing instructions to the rioters through a loudspeaker. After the trial, a United Nations spokesman said that he was worried that a country would criminalize people who are fleeing war zones.
(www.ondemandnews.com – Adaptado)
O trecho – One of the group was kept behind bars after
receiving a three-year sentence – indica que
What do police officers do?
By Emma Woolley
The primary responsibility of police officers is to protect the
public, or if commissioned, the person, group or organization
to which they are assigned. Through detecting and preventing
crime, police officers strive to maintain law and order in their
respective jurisdictions.
Most new police officers work in general duty in patrol
divisions, which provides a broad range of experiences
and assignments. General duty policing involves patrolling
assigned areas to enforce laws, protect public safety, and
arrest criminal suspects – either by car, foot, bicycle, or in
some cases, horse.
Police officers can also do some or all of the following:
Investigate accidents and crime scenes; secure evidence and
interview witnesses; testify in court; collect notes and reports;
provide emergency assistance to victims of natural disasters,
crime, and accidents; engage in crime prevention, safety, and
public information programs; participate in media relations;
and supervise and manage the work of other police officers.
Working as a police officer can be one of the most
diverse career experiences, as specializations ranging in the
hundreds are available. With a few years of service (usually
four or more), he or she can move into areas such as criminal
identification, drug investigations, sexual assault, fraud, major
case and/or crime management, surveillance, aircraft security,
explosives disposal, police dog services, and many more.
Police officers must be available for shift work at any time
of day and any day of the week, including holidays. Shifts
tend to be longer than the standard eight-hour office day.
Even though many regular police duties are routine in nature,
the job can also be dangerous, as well as physically and
emotionally stressful.
(http://careerbear.com/police-officer/article/
what-do-police-officers-do. Adaptado)
Among the many tasks, mentioned in the third paragraph, a police officer may perform in the line of duty, is to “secure evidence". The phrase means, in Portuguese, the same as
Ano: 2024Banca: AEVSF/FACAPEOrganização: Prefeitura de Santa Maria da Boa Vista - PEDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Tradução
A frase ‘in my humble opinion’ deve ser
traduzida por:
Ano: 2019Banca: MetroCapital SoluçõesOrganização: Prefeitura de Laranjal Paulista - SPDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Tradução
Choose the correct translation the
sentence:
- My arm is very strong.
Grain poisoning of cattle and sheep
Grain poisoning, also known as grain overload or lactic
acidosis, is usually the result of stock consuming large quantities
of grain or pellets to which they are unaccustomed. Pasture-fed
cows or feedlot cattle not yet adapted to grain may become
acutely ill or die after eating only moderate amounts of grain,
whereas stock accustomed to diets high in grain content may
consume large amounts of grain with little or no effect. Some
circumstances under which grain poisoning can occur include:
accidental access to grain stores; stock access to stubble
paddocks containing excess grain after harvest; stock access
to standing crops; cattle and sheep on feedlot rations without
proper introduction; and grain feeding during drought without
proper introduction.
How is it caused? Grain and finely ground carbohydrate
(such as found in pellets) is rapidly fermented by bacteria in the
rumen, producing large quantities of lactic acid, which lowers the
pH in the rumen. The build-up of acid has effects on the animal
such as: there is a decrease in the numbers of useful bacteria in
the rumen and an increase in the amount of acid-producing
bacteria (causing further build-up of acid in the rumen), rumen
contractions cease, lactic acid draws fluid into the rumen from
the tissues and blood, resulting in dehydration, and, in severe
cases, the blood may become more acid, resulting in heart failure,
kidney failure and or even death.
Grains with a higher fibre content, such as oats and
sorghum, are safer to feed than, for example, wheat and barley,
since the fibre slows the rate of digestion. Cracking grain
increases the rate of digestion of the starch and consequently may
increase the risk of grain poisoning. Any factor that causes
variation in the intake of grain, or variation in the availability of
carbohydrate, may lead to grain poisoning problems. For
example, an unpalatable additive or inclement weather may put
cattle off their feed on one day, but then they gorge the next day.
The effects of grain poisoning may be worsened if the animal is
also suffering from cold stress. It is a wise precaution to increase
the proportion of roughage fed during particularly cold weather.
Other sources of carbohydrates, such as apples, grapes, bread,
baker’s dough and incompletely fermented brewer’s grain, can
also cause poisoning if eaten in excess.
Internet:<dpi.nsw.gov.au>(adapted).
Judge the following item based on the text above.
The excerpt: “It is a wise precaution to increase the proportion of roughage fed during particularly cold weather.” (in the third paragraph) can be correctly translated as: É uma precaução sensata aumentar a proporção de forragem fornecida durante climas particularmente frios.
Segundo Dryden (1631-1700), o método mais sensato para elaboração de uma tradução é a:
This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism
Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists
appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global
economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift
to less efficient energy sources .
Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising
inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the
way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil
fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer
explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.
Energy shift
Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who
were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development
Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources
that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic
human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our
energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they
can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it
becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is
decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation
than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of
their impact on the climate.
Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It
depends on how you define capitalism.
Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering
emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the
best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable
reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.
Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).
Considerando os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
..