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Information is involved in every business activity. Indeed, information is sometimes the only or main output of an activity. For instance, product design is conducted solely to create the information to be able to manufacture a product. The value of information in business comes from its use in contributing to sound decisions. (The only other use I know for information is as entertainment.) If you can’t rely on your information then the result can be missed opportunities, or higher costs. As a consequence of this information is shared as part of the interaction and integration of business activities. At the technical level, data is shared when it is created and used by different computer systems, people, or organisations. (…) Almost every business activity results in new data being created. The use of this data is not restricted to the activity that creates it; often it is used in other activities.
The author states that new data created in business activities