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Ano: 2023Banca: FGVOrganização: Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SPDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
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Read Text IV and answer the question that follow it
Text IV
Teaching Reading Strategies
No matter what we are reading there are effective reading
strategies we call on in order to make meaning from the text. Many
of these strategies can be taught with comics and graphic novels.
The ones highlighted below are particularly important when
reading graphic texts.
Drawing Inferences
In comics and graphic novels, perhaps more than any other text,
readers must build understanding by filling in gaps. A whole world
of information is left in the gutter between the panels. The comic
artist expects the reader to infer the action that takes place off the
page. The more complex and sophisticated the comic, the more
important this strategy becomes. If the reader is not making
inferences, he is lost. Understanding this strategy and using it
effectively will help students read ’between the lines’ in more
traditional print narratives.
Visualization
Students who struggle with reading may not understand what
should be going on in the reader’s imagination during reading.
With comics and other visual texts, the images are there for the
reader. Through comics students can be taught how to create their
own mental images when reading more traditional texts.
It is important that students understand the visual cues that are
provided in the text. Although the words and images work
together to tell the story, comics are primarily visual narratives.
Therefore readers must draw on and integrate some important
background knowledge and understandings about visual texts,
comic elements and narrative structures in order to make
meaning. The more knowledge readers have about the way visual
texts work, the more successful they are likely to be.
Adapted from https://www.literacytoday.ca/home/reading/readingstrategies/reading-visual-texts/reading-comics
The excerpt “If the reader is not making inferences” (2nd
paragraph) presents a(n):
Ano: 2019Banca: Instituto ExcelênciaOrganização: Prefeitura de Lucélia - SPDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
Choose the best option to complete the sentence:
“I’m ____ sorry we couldn’t meet earlier. I’ve been
much ____ ill to work lately.”
Ano: 2023Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPEOrganização: CGDFDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Compreensão de Texto | Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
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Text CB1A2-I
Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death.
What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?
Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.
We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups
Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.
Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?
Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted).
In text CB1A2-I, the expression “stand in contrast”, in “Our
results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not
matter” means the same as
Ano: 2024Banca: IDHTECOrganização: Prefeitura de Presidente Tancredo Neves - BADisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me
some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.
'Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,' he told me, 'just
remember that all the people in this world haven't had the
advantages that you’ve had.'
In the passage, which word is an adverb that modifies the verb
'told'?
Ano: 2025Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPEOrganização: EMBRAPADisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Conjunções e Conectivos | Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
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Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate,
making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels,
and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can
enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient
levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent
droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety,
while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting
ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional
methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.
Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each
crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might
benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but
yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold.
Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled
conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature
constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and
nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their
quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.
Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can
harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime
temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while
premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan
cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils,
complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could
help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.
Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which
thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This
could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs.
U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed
control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest
ranges expand.
While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers
the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and
soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This
poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased
pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting
health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change,
therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production,
nutrition, and ecosystems.
Internet:<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge item below.
The word ‘while’, in the third sentence of the first paragraph, can be correctly replaced with whereas without changing the meaning.
Ano: 2025Banca: JVL ConcursosOrganização: Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves - PIDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios de Lugar, Modo, Tempo e Frequência | Advérbios e Conjunções
Pick the correct form:
“Among all the participants, Linda read her text ____ .”
Ano: 2025Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPEOrganização: InoversaSulDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios e Conjunções | Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste
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Gabriele Tinti’s Hungry Ghosts is a cycle of 51 poems
written in collaboration with the photographer Roger Ballen,
whose photographic negatives are reproduced in the book.
The images are mostly terrifying, in keeping with the
otherworldly inclination of the poems. This bilingual edition
includes Tinti’s original Italian poems with English translations
by David Graham, interspersed with Greek lines taken from
inscriptions found on archaeological objects and from ancient
Greek texts.
The book is inspired by the Petavatthu, a Theravada
Buddhist scripture that includes stories about the realm of the
“hungry ghosts,” a category of supernatural beings ubiquitous in
East and South Asian religions, with section headings such as
“Abandoned Ghosts,” “Protectors,” “Guardians,” and “Hungry
Ghosts.” T he poems are quite short and try to emulate the
obscure, esoteric quality of scriptural language, though they
struggle, at times, under the weight of too many venerable
references drawn from both Buddhist and Greek traditions.
Internet:<poetryfoundation.org> (adapted).
About the linguistic and lexical features of the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the sentence “The poems are quite short” (last sentence of the second paragraph), “quite” is a degree adverb modifying the adjective “short”.
Ano: 2022Banca: FGVOrganização: TJ-DFTDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios de Lugar, Modo, Tempo e Frequência | Advérbios e Conjunções
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Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer
It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking
machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to
closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.
People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are
like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is
deeply flawed.
A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain
constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores
information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t
store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant
construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the
same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at
different times.
Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A
computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to
recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow
petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand
that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A
dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet
from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is
food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.
In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by
their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists
believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc
category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains
work.
Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an
empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of
systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs,
a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of
hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated,
continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and
fight illness.[…]
If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it
must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex
collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue
operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check.
Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some
engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body
to provide this necessary ingredient.
For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor.
Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in
simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an
explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.
(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on
February 9th, 2022)
“Whereas” in “A computer is built from static parts, whereas your
brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn” introduces
a(n):
Ano: 2024Banca: IESESOrganização: Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SCDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste | Advérbios e Conjunções
Choose the option that best fits the context:
"The new law requires companies to ensure that their products are ______ safe and eco-friendly."
Ano: 2023Banca: IGEDUCOrganização: Prefeitura de Pombos - PEDisciplina: Língua InglesaTemas: Advérbios e Conjunções | Posição dos Advérbios | Advérbios de Lugar, Modo, Tempo e Frequência | Advérbios de Grau, Finalidade e Contraste
Na língua inglesa, palavras repetidas não têm importância
no texto, sendo sempre cognatas e, frequentemente, são
palavras sem conteúdo e significado, como conectivos e
advérbios.