Based on the text The Four Roles of the Reader, number the right column according to the corresponding number on the lef...

The Four Roles of the Reader The Four Resources Model [FRM] was originally developed in 1990 by Peter Freebody and Allan Luke. It was developed in the L1 Australian context and in relation to an understanding that language is a resource rather than simply a set of rules. It places an emphasis on the development of the four major learner roles. These are Code-Breaker, Text Participant, Text User and Text Analyst. Luke (2000) points out that the model does not propose a developmental hierarchy whereby one moves from coding practices to analytical practices. He is careful to point out the need to simultaneously address all four levels from the beginnings of literacy. The model can be used to plan L1 and L2 literacy programs. In the literacy programs of many developing countries there is a tendency to focus almost exclusively on “Code- Breaker” skills. There is nothing necessarily wrong in doing that, particularly in L2 contexts, however the FRM suggests that this should not be the only emphasis. Modern life is complex and consequently complex texts will be encountered. The objective of the model is best expressed in Luke and Freebody’s own words as quoted below: “We wanted to develop a model that attempted to recognize and incorporate many of the current, well-developed techniques for training students in becoming literate. We wanted to shift the focus from trying to find the right method to determining whether the range of practices emphasized in a reading program was indeed covering and integrating the broad repertoire of textual practices required in today's economies and cultures” (Luke & Freebody; 1989). Therefore, the FRM is a schema, a tool for teachers, as well as a tool for sequencing learning activities. It is a tool for planning programs as well as for visually situating practices and skills in a wider scheme.