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The Three Circle Model “The Three-circle Model of World Englishes was developed by Kachru in 1985 and it remains one of the most influential models for grouping the varieties of English in the world (Mollin, 2006, p.41). Kachru (1985) described the spread of English in terms of three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle. These circles represent “the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which English is used across cultures and languages” (Kachru, 1985, p.12). Although Kachru's three-circle of English is still an important initial stepping stone for the division of Englishes, drawbacks and variations have been identified by several authors, including Kachru himself (Yoneoka, 2002).”
In relation to the pronouns in bold letters in the text, consider the following sentences:
1. The pronoun “it”, in line 1, refers to the English language.
2. The pronoun “these”, in line 3, refers to the three concentric circles.
3. The pronoun “himself”, in line 6, refers to the several authors and Kachru.
4. The pronoun “himself”, in line 6, refers to Kachru.
Mark the correct alternative.